Typewriting and calculating machine



o. o. MARTIN. TYPEWHITlNG AND CALCULATING MACHINE. APPL`!C^TION FILED JAN- 7. 1916.

0. 0. MARTIN. TYPEWRITING' ANUCALCULAHNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.` 7. 1916.

'1,378,047'. Patelted May 1 7, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

0. 0. MARTIN. TYPEWRTING AND CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILD JAN.7,1916

Patented May l7, 1921.

vUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OLAF O. MARTIN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE yASSIGNMENTS, TO

REMINGTON ACCOUNTING MACHINE CORPORATION, OF, NEW YORK, N. Y., A COR- BORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPEWRITING AND CALCULATIN G MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 17, 1921.

Application med January 7, 1916. serial No. 70,731.

T 0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, OLAF O. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usetion which exist in machines of the prior art, as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In its preferred form my invention is employed in'connection with the calculating machine commonly known as the Wahl machine, which is described in detail in the issued patent to Wahh #893,719, July 21st, 1908. This machine consists of a calculating attachment which 'is operated by the numeral keys of a typewriter. present-an actuator which is rigidly mounted on the frame and connected to the typewriter numeral keys by suitable mechanism to the 'end vthat depression of any typewriter numeral key results in the rotation of a master wheel a'number of spaces dependent on the particular key depressed. A totalizer is also present and is mounted on a truck which travels with the typewriter carriage, Awhich in turn is controlled by the usual typewriter escapement and allowed to escape one step when anyof the numeral keys are operated. Accordingly, numbers are -inserted into the totalizer by the masterl wheel digit by digit beginning with the number in the highest decimal place, the typewriter carriage, escaping after each operation of a numeral key, bringing the master wheel into cooperation with successive decimal orders in the totalizer.

rI`he Wahl machine [is usually mounted upon a Remington typewriter, in which the numeral keys are so `related to the typebar that if one were to'press a numeral key a part of the way down thereby raising the type bar about halfway to the platen, one could not complete the stroke of the type bar by power applied to said type bar if the numei-al key were held immovable. That is,

it might be said that the connection between There is.

the numeral key and the type bar was in the nature of a'positive linkage. That is, for every different position of the type bar there corresponds one and only one' position of the numeral key and vice versa.

Some typewriters, however,vdo not have this positive linkage, an instance of which is the'well-'known Monarch typewriter, in which the key lever is not rigidly connected at its rear end, but simply rolls on a plate. In' the Monarch machine it is possible to depress a key a part of the way, then while holding the key immovable, take hold of theitype bar and move the same so as to make an impression on the platen. The

pressed position, being held by the full stroke mechanism of the Wahl actuator. However, this partially completed stroke has given the typebar momentum and the bar may continue its path, make an imprint on the platen and also actuate the typewriter escapement. The' type bar is thus free to move by reason of the fact that the rear end of the key lever connected to said -bar is not pivoted on a fixed center,`but is simply pressed by a spring against its fulcrum, and is free to move away froml said fulcrum without any motion taking place on the part of the numeral key on the front end of said bar. An action of this kind results in a number being printed on the paper, but

not being enteredinto the totalizer,.or in case the motion of the key is afterward completed, it may result in a number being en.

tered into a wrong decimal place of the totalizer.

My invention is made with a view to overcoming the aforementioned difficulties.'

the typewriter escapement. @ne ofV these.

connections is operated only by the numeral keys, and the other connection is operated only by the Iletter keys of the typewriter,

and these twoconnections are so propor-A ated by means of the numeral keys, the4 stroke of these keys necessary to operate the escapement is made so long that it is not 'possibleto obtain a print upon the platen without at the same time adding a number in the totalizer. This numeral key connection results in a muchslower operation of the typewriter when calculating numbers than when writing letters, but this feature is not in any way objectionable. The Wahl calculating machinel is iitted with a carriage lock, the function of which is to maintain the carriage in a fixed position until the numeral key has entirely completed its stroke. Therefore, the escapement need not be operated until the typewriter carriage has been released by thecarriage lock upon the completion of the down stroke ofthe key.

My invention may be best understood l by reference to accompanying figures, of

`Which .Figure 1 is a side view of a section of a typewriter having the looselinkage described above and on which is mounted a Wahl calculating machine.

Fig..2 is a perspective view of the same, some of the parts being omitted.

Fig. 3 represents a modification of th structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical fore and aft sectional view showing the full stroke mechanism. Y

Referring to Fig. 1, 10 is a numeral key of the typewriter, being mounted on a key lever or bar 11, which is fulcrumed on the frame 9 at 12, and held in engagement with .type bar 20,

said fulcrum by the spring 13. A p ull rod 14 extends from the numeral key lever and is operatively connected to a fan 15 of the actuator. A second pull rod 16 extends from the key lever` to a bell crankv lever 17 pivoted on the framework ,at 18, from which a pull rod 19 eXtendsto a numeral ivoted on the frame work at 2l. Al-letter ey 22 is similarly mounted on its key lever 23, which is likewise pivoted on the fulcrum 12, and held in engagement therewith Iby aspring not shown, similar to thel spring 13. A pull rod 24 extends from the key lever 23 to a-bell crank 25 pivyoted on the frame work ati26. A pull rod 127. serves' to connect a lettertype bar 28, pivoted on lthe `frame work at 29, with the bell crank 25. The carriage 30 of the typewriter travels in suitable guides'l 31 and 32, rigid on the frame work 9and is moved to the left by a spring (not shown) in the usual manner.

On the carriage 30 is mountedv a rack 33 which meshes in a gear 34 rigid with the escapement wheel 35 of the typewriter. A vibrating pawl or dog carried by a carrier or rocker` 36 pivote'd on the frame work at 37 permits. the step bl step travel of the typewriter carriage. sprlng 71 serves to hold the pawl carrier 36 in a normal position determined by the frame work 9. I have not illustrated the details of this escapement since they are well-known in the art, and for the purpose of my present invention, the escapement may be considered merely diagrammatic, it being premised that vibration of thepawl with the carrier 36 about its pivot 37 permits the typewriter carriage 30 to escape step by step to the left in the usual manner. x

The totalizer 38 of the calculatin machine is mounted on a truck 39, whlch is connected to the carriage in the manner shown in thev patent to Webster #968,103 A'master wheel 40 serves to insert numbers in the cited patent to' Wahl.'

I shall now describe the mechanism by which the escapement pawl carrier 36 is `vi brated either by one of the numeral keys or by one of the letter keys.

The chain of mechanism connecting the pawl carrier 36 to the numeral keys consists of an arm 41 rigid with the pawl carrier 36 and having in its end a slot forming a fork 42 adapted to be engaged by a pin 43 mounted in a lever 44 pivoted to the frame vwork 9 at 45. The twopart rod 46 having an adjustable nut or turn buckle 47 thereon serves to connect the arm 44 with an arm 48 pivoted on the frame work 9 at 49. The arm 48 serves as a support for oneend of a bail 50 which is adapted to be engaged by a fork 51 `on each of the numeral keys but is maintained below the lowest point of dip of the letter key levers 23 and out of cooperative relation therewith; The other end of the bail 50 is swung from a lever 52 pivoted to the frame.- work 9 in the same straight line as the pivot 49. The bail 5() is normally out of engagement with any of the forks 51. Depression of any numeral 4key 10, however, will cause the fork 51 on .said key toengage the bail 50, thereby rockthereby rocking the escapement pawl 'car-p k'rier 36 and permitting vthe carriage. to --escape one'. step. It willA be noted that shortly aftertheinitiation of movement of any numeral key 10, by reason of thel bail 50 key being engaged by the fork 51 and the pin 43 being engaged by the fork 42 the chain of mechanism extending from the escapement pawl on the carrier 36 to the numeral key 10 is a locked chain, that is, to every position of the numeral key 10, there corresponds a different position of the escapement pawl carrier'36, and the parts are so constrained that no motion of the pawl carrier 36 can occur without the corresponding motion of the then connected numeral key 10. Since the full stroke mechanism ordinarily present in the Wahl actuator. compels a full stroke or cycle of any numeral 10 when once a stroke has been initiated, it will be obvious that the escapement paWl will be compelled to go through a sin.- gle cycle, and but a single cycle to each cycle of the numeral key 10. This means that it is not possible by mis-operating the machine to cause the typewriter carriage to escape twice upon one stroke of the numeral key 10.

Connected to the lever 44 is a pull rod 53 having a slot 54 which is adapted to engage the pin mountedl on the lever 56 which normally serves. to vibrate the ribbon of the typewriter upon each stroke of the typewriter key. The typewriter.. ribbon will thus be vibrated lby the numeral keys.

From this construction above described it follows that it will'be necessary to makenv complete' strokeof the numeral key 10 in order to actuate the 'escapement This being true, it follows that whatever number is printed upon the platen must also be e11- tered into the totalizer.

An inspection of the cited patent to Wahl will disclose that the pull rod corresponding to the pull rod 14 of my present application is so controlled by the full stroke mechanism that it is necessary for said rod to be depressed through its complete cycle vonce a depression has been initiated.

In the lVahl machine several forms of full stroke mechanisms have been employed. The form illustrated in Fig. 4 corresponds to that disclosed in detail in the hereinbefore mentioned lahl patent and comprises fans 15 each connected by its link 14 to the associated numeral key 10. The members 15 are pivoted on a rod 72 carried by the actuator frame and each member has formed in its upper edge ratchet teeth 7 3 arranged concentrically with the rod 72. 'f A locking tooth, pawl or web 74 is pivoted at 75 between tho end plates of the actuator frame and extends across the paths of movement of all of the members 15. A spring 76 is connected to the locking pawl and tends to hold it in its normal position shown 1n full lines in Fig. 4 but enables the pawl to be moved on its pivots in either direction from the central normal position. The locking pawl is adapted to co-act with the ratchet teeth 73 of any member 15 which is moved forward from the full line position shown in Fig. `4 by the depression of its associated numeral key. At this time the pa-wl 74 engaging the teeth 73 prevents a return movement of the member 15 and the parts con- I' trolled thereby until the stroke on the key is completed. At about'the completion of the key stroke the .rear end of the ratchet on the associated member 15 passes beyond the pawl 74, freeing it and allowing the -pawlto be returned to normal position under the action ofv itsspring 76. When the key is released the rear end of the companion member 15 turns the pawl in a direction opposite to that in which it was moved on the down stroke of the key and during the backward or return movement of the `member the pawl will engage the teeth 73 in the opposite direction and the member 15 may return to normal position without being arrested by the locking pawl, but the key cannot be again depressed until its upstroke is substantially completed. "When the upstroke of the key is about completed the forward endvof the ratchet passes beyond the pawl, thus releasing it and again allowing it to be returned by its spring to normal position where it is again in position to effectively engage a partly moved ratchet .and prevent a return movement thereof until a completion of the key stroke.

The escapement construction just outlined might be regarded as ltoo slow for speedy operation of the typewriter under a socalled reverse feed7 or one wherein a down stroke on the key is effective to release the escapement to permit a substantial drop of the carriage, for it will be seen that the carriage does not start'to escape until the numeral key has practically reached the bottom of its stroke. It is well-known in the typewriter art that in order for a proper operation under a reverse feed or one of the character specified above, it is necessary that the escapement of the carriage be released before the typebar has printed on the platen, or, what amounts to the vsame thing, before the typewriter letter key has reached the bottom of its stroke. The little time elapsing between the releasing of the carriage by the escape/ment and the carriage 'spring overcoming the inertia'of the carting such a step before the impression 1s made. This construction is usually known as the speed dog or reverse feed escapement. n

Having now described the method by which the escapement is operated by the numeral keys, I shall now describe the chain l ard or usual forms. In Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown one form and in Fig. 3 an alternative form of a letter key. connection. The form shown in Figs. l and 2 is substantially the form present in the Underwood typewriter; Each'of the letter typevbars 28 has thereon a. projection 57 which is adapted to engage a universal segment 58 which is slidably mounted in the typewriter frame work 9. Extending Vfrom this segment 58 is a rod 59 which has in it a slot 60 in which is a pin 6l rigid to the es'capement pawl carrier 36. A spring 70 serves to hold the segment 58 in a normal positionj shown in Fig. 2.

Obviously the operation of any of the letter keys will resultin the projection 57 en-l gaging the universal bar 58 and by means of the push rod 59 rock the escapement pawl carrier 36. It is to be noted that the slot 60 permits the motion of the escapement pa-wl carrier 36 independent of the motion of any lof the typewriter letter keys. Similarly the slot 54 in the pull rod 53 vpermits independent motion of the ribbon vibrating arm 56 by a cross rod 56a carried by the frame of the universal bar. Therefore the letter or the numeral `key connection to the escapement and ribbon vibrator maybe operated without interfering with each other.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a modified connec tion of the typewriter letter keys to the escapement. Inl this case the escapement is actuated by la universal bail 62 operated on by the letter key levers 23 and supported by arms 63 which are rigid with the rod 64 piv oted in the frame work. Rigid to the rod 64 is an arm 65, having therein a pivot connection 66 from which leads a two-part rod 67 to the escapement and a rod 68 to a ribbon vibrating mechanism. The two parts of the rod 67 are relatively'adj usted by` a turn buckle 67a. The' 'numeral key levers of the typewriter in the form shown in Fig. 3 have slots cut therein'so as to avoid actuating the bail 62, this bail beingl actuated only by the letter keys of the typewriter. The connectionv of` the numeral keys to the escapement is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and need not be further described since the resemblance and operation will be apparent from an in-v spection of Fig. 3.

I do not wish to be limited to the precise structure shown since it may be modified in a variety of ways. The main thing to be kept in mind is to provide two independently i adjustable connections to the typewriterescapement, one of these connections being op. erated by the letter keys alone, the other connection being operated by the numeral keys alone and to insure that the connection from the numeral keys to the escapement shall be of a nature which does not permit independent motion of its parts or a double esc-ape-` ment of the typewriter carriage for one cycle of the numeral key. The provision of two independent adjustments is of great importance since it lpermits the adjustment of the typewriter escapement so as to get the maximum speed of operation for the typewriterletter keys. Anindependent adjustment from the numeral keys to the escapement permits of an adjustment which is most suitable for operation of thel adding machine. In my improved device these two adjustments'may be made independent of each other and each adjustment may be made in a manner which is best suited for the particular function of the machine for which the escapement is used,

An obvious modification of my structure is the case in which a separate set of calculating keys is used, that is, the typewriter jportiony willhave the usual equipment vof letter and numeral keys, and in'addition there will be an extra set of ten keys which serve to print numbers on the platen and operate the calculating attachment. Obviously in a machine of this kind the keys which were not connected to the calculating attachment would come under the general class of letter keys, as the term letter keys is used in the specification, notwithstandingl the fact that some of these keys will print numbers. To carry out my invention in a machine'of this kind, it will be necessary to lead an independent connection from the keys, which serve to actuate the calculating attachment, to the escapement. A second connection will be led from the letter and number printing keys to the escapement.

The Smith Premier typewriter, when equipped with a Wahl adding machine, is a example of a machine of this kind. Ther is a full complement of letter and numeral keys which serve to perform typewriting work including the printing of figures. There is also a set of ten numeral keys'which rint figures and serve to actuate the calcuatng attachment.

'In'some of the following claims I have used the term positive linkage and by this I mean a linkage in which for any position ofthe driver there corresponds one and but one possible position of the follower, and, also, for any position of the follower there corresponds one and but one position of the driver. Distinguished from a positive linkage there is a loose linkage in which, for a given position of the driver, there may be several positions of the follower. As an example of the loose linkage, I may instance 'the `esca'pelnent actuating linkage shown in the patent to Barney, No. 927,091, July 6, 1909, in which the chain of mechanism from the key to the escapement rod 48 is a loose linkage, since corresponding i the extreme lowest position one could work the rod 48 up and down. Regarding the key 4 as the driver and the connecting rod 48 as the follower, it is not true that for any position of the driver therecorresponds one and but one position of the follower. The.

linkage is therefore a loose linkage. n some of the following claims, in which the term positive linkage is used, l desire to restrict myselr' to a linkage in which to any position of the driver there corresponds one and but one position of the follower.

Many modifications and variations may be made in the precise structure herein shown without departing from the spirit of my invention, since l claim:

l. in a. typewriter calculating machine,y

the combination of a moving carriage, an cscapement therefor, typewriter keys, printing bars operatively connected therewith' and a positive linkage adapted to connect said typewriter keys and said escapemeiit on the actuation of any of said keys, whereby a complete cycle of said escapement compels combination of a totalizer, a set of keysadapted to insert numbers in said totalizer, a second set of keys ineii'ective on said totalizer, a moving carriage, an escapement controlling said carriage, means connecting said rst setv of keys and said escapement, and other means connecting said seco-nd set of keys and said escapement, the means connecting said rst setof keys operating said escapement in a different timing from the means connecting said second set of keys .in said escapement.

4L. In a typewriter adding machine, the combination of a calculating attachment, a set of keys adapted to operate said calculating attachment, a second set of keys ineffective on said calculating attachment, a moving carriage, an escapement device controlling said carriage, connections between said first set of keys and said escapement to operate said escapement according to a certain cycle, and other connections between said second set oi keys and said esca-pement to operate said escapement in a more rapid cycle than that in which said escapement is operated by said .tiret set of keys, whereby said second set of keys may be operated at e greater speed than said first set er" keys.

5. In a typewriter calculating machine, the combination of calculating devices including full stroke means, keys arranged in two groups, the keys in one group being arranged to operate said calculating devices and the keys in the otherv group being ineffective on said calculating devices, a movling carriage, an escapement controlling said moving carriage, a positive linkage adapted to be connected to` any ofthe keys in said irst group and also adapted to operate said escapement, whereby on the initiation of motion of any of the keys in the rst group a complete and but one cycle of' said escapement is compelled and a loose linkage connecting said escapement with the keys in said second group.

6. ln a typewriter calculating machine, the combination of a moving carriage, an escapement therefor, a totalizer land an actuator therefor, letter printing keys, numeral printing keys, connections from said numeral 'printing keys to said actuator, whereby said keys may enter the numbers printed in the totalizer, a connection from said letter printing keys to the escapement,

and an independent connection between vsaid numeral printing keys and the escapement.

7. In a 4typewriter calculating machine, the combination of a .moving carriage, an escapement therefor, a totalize'r and actuator therefor, letter printing keys, numeral printing keys, connections from said numeral printing keys to said actuator, whereby said keys may enter the numbers`printed in the totalizer, a connection Afrom said letter printing keys to the escapement, and an independent adjustable connection between said numeral printing keys and the escapement.

8. -In a typewriter calculating machine, the combination of a moving carriage, an escapement therefor, a totalizer and actuator therefor, letter printing keys, numeral printing keys', connections from said letter printing keys to the escapenient, and an independent connection between the numeral printing keys and the escapement, said last mentioned connection constituting a positive linkage. v

9. ln a typewriter calculating" machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapement controlling the movement of the carriage, caldulating mechanism, letter printing mechanisin, keys for the letter printing mechanism and which are inoperative on the calculating mechanism, numeral printing mechanism, keys for the numeral printing mechanism and lwhich also are operative on the calculating mechanism, an operative connection between said letter printing keys and said escapement, and an independent operative connection between said numeral printing keys and said escapement to actuate the latter to accord properly with the operation of the calculating mechanism and different in character from the connection be tween the escapement and said letter printing'ke s.

10. n a typewriter calculating machine, the combination of combined printing and adding means, full stroke means therefor,

separate printing means, a moving carriage,

an escapement governing said carriage, a train of connectlons between said separate printlng meansy and the eseapement, and an independent train of Aconnections between said combined printing and adding means and the escapement, said full stroke means and said independent trainv of connections together compelling one and only one cycle of said escapement and of said combined printing and adding means at each operation of the latter.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, this 3d da of January, 1916.

LAF O. MARTIN. 

